When is it lawful to point or aim a functional weapon at a person or thing?

Pointing or aiming a functional weapon at a person or thing is typically considered lawful when performing a duty, especially in a law enforcement or military context. This situation implies that the individual is acting in their official capacity to fulfill their responsibilities, which may include scenarios where the use of a firearm is necessary for safety, law enforcement, or combat situations.

The justification for aiming a weapon in this context is rooted in the principles of necessity and proportionality. When an individual is conducting their duty, they may need to take decisive action to protect themselves or others, enforce the law, or execute tactical maneuvers. It's understood that in such situations, the responsible use of a firearm is paramount and outlined by rules of engagement or legal protocols specific to that duty.

In contrast, the other scenarios, while they may involve training or practice, do not necessarily meet the same high standards of justification as a lawful duty. For instance, aiming at a person during partner practice may not always align with safety guidelines unless strict control measures are in place. Similarly, being on a firing range or in a "safe" environment does not inherently justify aiming at individuals unless those circumstances are clearly understood and consented to among all participants.